Pulmonology is the branch of science and medicine, which is concerned with the disorders related to the respiratory tract. It is a sub-field of internal medicine. Some common disorders associated with the respiratory tract include common cold, pulmonary embolism, asthma, sinusitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis and tuberculosis. Auscultation for unusual breath sounds and percussion of the lung fields for dullness or hyper-resonance, pulmonary function tests, chest X-rays and CT scans are common ways to diagnose respiratory diseases. Inhalers are considered effective in the treatment of asthma. Other treatment methods include oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation. Pulmonary medicine is an upcoming field of medicine that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. The various advancements in pulmonology are glanced at and their applications as well as ramifications are looked at in detail. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.