Emergency surgery is the surgical intervention that is performed without delay to prevent permanent disability or death. It may be performed along with life-saving resuscitation efforts. An acute illness which poses an immediate risk to a person's life or long-term health is called a medical emergency. Some of the cardiothoracic cases in which an emergency surgery often takes place include cardiac tamponade, pneumothorax and acute airway obstruction. Other cases in which an emergency surgery is required include acute appendicitis, peritonitis, bowel obstruction, urinary retention, retained abortion, paraphimosis, acute subdural hematoma, aortic dissection, among others. The topics included in this book on emergency surgery are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.