Drug discovery and development process focuses on details regarding medications that are safe and efficient in improving the length and quality of life and relaxing pain and suffering. However, the process is very intricate, time taking, resource intensive, requiring multidisciplinary expertise and novel approaches. There is a need to identify and produce more effective and appropriate ways to bring safe and effective products to the market. Translational research is a rapidly growing discipline of biomedicine. It is a bidirectional bench-to-bedside approach, in an effort to improve the process efficacy and the need for further innovations. This book describes contemporary and evolving state of drug discovery and development, and the existing and emerging models for evaluating efficacy and safety in drug discovery.