Dyslipidemia has intricate physiopathology, often due to genetic, diet and lifestyle factors. It has various adverse impacts, especially in the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. The growing cases of obesity, changes in lifestyle and environmental factors will make dyslipidemia a global medical and public health hazard, not only for adults but also for children. Important ethnic differences exist due to the prevalence and types of lipid ailment, while elevated serum total and LDL-cholesterol are the main concern in the developed countries, in other countries hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol are more widespread. Various experimental and clinical researches are going on related to the basic mechanisms and treatment of dyslipidemia. This book will deliver an overview of dyslipidemia from distinct facets of prevention, health hazards and treatment.