HIV harms the immune system by destroying the white blood cells. Hence, putting an individual at a risk for life-threatening infections. It is transmitted from one individual to another from sexual contact, breast milk and blood transfusion. The HIV lentivirus can be sub-divided into HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the primary cause of HIV infections around the world. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to HIV/AIDS. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students.