Ophthalmology is the study of medicine which deals with the structure and the functioning of the eye along with its diseases. This field also encompasses the treatment of eye diseases with the strategic use of medications, laser therapy and surgery. Eye diseases are diagnosed through eye examinations and specialized tests such as ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography, etc. Cataract and macular degeneration are two common eyes diseases. The clouding of the eye lens which results in decreased eye vision is known as cataract. Some of its symptoms include blurred vision, faded colours, trouble with bright lights, etc. Macular degeneration is an eye disorder in which the vision in the center of the visual field gets blurred or lost due to age. Ophthalmology is an upcoming field of medicine that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of ophthalmology. It will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.