The state of not having children is referred to as childlessness. There are several types of childlessness that can be classified into natural sterility, social sterility, circumstantial childlessness and voluntary childlessness. Some of the reasons for childlessness can be personal choice, infertility, mental health difficulty, lack of a partner, the unwillingness of one's partner, death of already conceived children and poverty. Childlessness can have personal, psychological, political, and social consequences. In a society that encourages parenthood, it can be a social stigma as well. Childlessness also has positive impacts such as higher education, financial stability and better quality of living for childless people. This book covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts revolving around childlessness. The topics covered in it deal with the causes and consequences of childlessness. This book will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.