Any plant or animal material that can be used as a fuel for the production of heat and electricity is known as biomass. Some common examples of biomass are wood, energy crops, farm waste, etc. The main components of any biomass are carbohydrates, lipids, protein and lignin. Valorization is the process of converting biomass into energy, fuels and other useful resources. Some common valorization techniques are pyrolysis and liquefaction. Parameters affecting the valorization processes are temperature, pressure, catalysts, residence time and feedstock. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of valorization of biomass. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included herein. This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying biomass valorization as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.