Bladder cancer refers to numerous types of cancer that can develop in the tissues of the urinary bladder. The signs and symptoms of bladder cancer include low back pain, blood in the urine and pain during urination. The epithelial cells lining the bladder become malignant and cause bladder cancer. There are various risk factors associated with this type of cancer, such as recurrent bladder infections, smoking, prior radiation therapy, exposure to specific chemicals and family history. The most prevalent type of bladder cancer is transitional cell carcinoma that starts in the cells of the deepest tissue layer in the bladder. Other types of bladder cancer include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. Treatment for bladder cancer is determined by the type of cancer and the stage of the disease, and may include immunotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This book contains some path-breaking studies in bladder cancer research. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.