Bioremediation is the process used to treat contaminated soil or water by encouraging biodegradation or natural decay mechanisms. This is usually done by promoting growth of microorganisms. It can also be done by introducing microbial cultures in polluted media or by injecting nutrients to stimulate growth of microbes naturally. Bioremediation is a good alternative to traditional and industrial cleaning processes because of its affordability, minimal invasiveness and ecological viability. Research in this field extends into the core areas of soil remediation therapies, lowering radioactivity, curing metal contamination, groundwater treatment and oil spills remediation. In this book, the various advancements in bioremediation and biodegradation are glanced at and their applications in pollution control and waste management are looked at in detail. This book aims to equip students and experts with the advanced topics and upcoming concepts in this area.