The planning, design and construction of buildings and other structures is under the domain of architecture. Architectural designs and approaches have undergone change due to the philosophies of rationalism, structuralism, post structuralism, empiricism and phenomenology. The modern concept of sustainability has marked influence on contemporary architecture and urban design. This is evident in the recent movements of New Classical Architecture, New Urbanism and metaphoric architecture, which approach construction from the perspective of sustainability. While architecture focuses on individual buildings, the field of urban design deals with the design and planning of cities, towns and villages. It works with the objectives of environmental sustainability, economic viability and social equity. This book covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around architecture and urban design. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies have been included herein. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide innovative insights into these fields.