The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed the discipline of microbiology and aided its advancement. Microbiology is the study of all types of microorganisms: unicellular, multicellular or a cellular. It is a vast subject that encapsulates a range of other fields of study such as parasitology, mycology, bacteriology, etc. The concepts and principles of microbiology are applied to a number of areas such as in the development of efficient methods of industrial fermentation or in the use of microorganisms as molecular carriers of DNA material, etc. Chapters compiled herein cover in detail some of the existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around this field of study. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on microbiology have also been included in this book. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.