A healthy ecosystem is vital for the survival of all life on Earth. Human activities have a significant impact across all ecosystems. Due to the rise in human population and per capita consumption, the problems of environmental pollution, biodiversity loss and climate change are increasingly being observed. Terrestrial ecosystems face threats that include deforestation, air pollution and soil degradation. Overfishing, microplastics pollution, encroachment into coastal areas, etc. cause severe damage to the aquatic ecosystem. The primary objective of ecosystem management is the sustainable and ethical use of natural resources. Adaptive management, natural resource management, strategic management, and command and control management are few approaches to effective ecosystem management, both at a local and landscape level. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to sustainable ecosystems. It will serve as an elaborate reference text for environmentalists, ecologists, researchers and students engaged in this area of study.