This book presents the proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures, BICA 2011, which is also the Second Annual Meeting of the BICA Society, held in November 2011 in Arlington, Virginia, USA. A Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architecture (BICA) is a computational framework for the design of intelligent agents that incorporates formal mechanisms of human or animal cognition. Biology currently provides the only physical examples of cognitive systems at the level of robustness, flexibility, scalability and consciousness that artificial intel.