This book is a collection of six articles arising from the meeting of the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) "Combinatorial Optimization: Methods and Applications," which was held at the University of Montreal in June 2006. This ASI consisted of seven series of five one-hour lectures and one series of four one-hour lectures. It was attended by some sixty students of graduate or postdoctoral level from fifteen countries worldwide. It includes topics such as: integer and mixed integer programming, facility location, branching on split disjunctions, convexity in combinatorial optimizat.