The type of RNA viruses which insert a copy of their genome into the DNA of the host cells that they invade, and consequently change the genome of, are called retroviruses. After entering the host cell's cytoplasm, the retroviruses use their own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from their RNA genome. The study of retroviruses and the diseases caused by them, is called retrovirology. Retroviruses, including Mouse mammary and Rous sarcoma virus can cause diseases, like tumor and cancer. The transmission of retroviruses can be airborne, from cell-to-cell, or through fluids. Antiretroviral drugs are the common medications used for treating the infection caused by retroviruses. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to human retrovirology. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to human retrovirology. This book will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this branch.