The process of removing toxins, excess water and solutes from the blood is known as dialysis. It is performed for individuals whose kidneys are unable to perform these functions naturally. Dialysis is usually a temporary treatment for patients suffering from acute kidney injury or awaiting a transplant of the kidney. It may also be a permanent measure for patients whose condition does not allow for a transplant of the kidney. The three primary types of dialysis are hemodialysis, hemofiltration and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodiafiltration and intestinal dialysis are the two secondary types of dialysis. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital and emerging trends in the area of dialysis. In this book, using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of dialysis as easy as possible, for the readers.