Neuroscience studies the nervous system to understand the biological basis of memory, perception, learning, behavior and consciousness. Specific areas of the cerebral cortex codes for specific psychological functions. Nearly 20,000-25,000 genes of the human genome find expression in the brain. Also, owing to the plasticity of the brain, the synaptic structures and their functions change throughout life. These aspects present a complex challenge to the understanding of the brain. Recent advances in neuroscience have been brought about by a progress in the fields of electrophysiology, molecular biology and computational neuroscience. This allows better understanding of the structure of the nervous system, along with the way it works, malfunctions, develops and changes. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field of neuroscience. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on neuroscience have been included in this book. It will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field.