The light duty (LD) automotive consumer vehicle market is experiencing a period of rapid growth. Dozens of plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs) and battery EVs (BEVs) are either available or scheduled to be released over the next several years. The growth of PHEVs and BEVs, known collectively as plug-in EVs (PEVs), is being driven primarily by the decrease in lithium ion (Li-ion) battery costs. Lower battery costs are making PEVs a viable solution to help automotive OEMs meet increasingly strict government fuel efficiency and emissions reduction mandates. These LD PEV market developments are opening up new market opportunities for advanced Li-ion batteries for traction/propulsion energy in the marine vessel, rail car, and underground mining vehicle markets. This report focuses on emerging markets for traction and propulsion Li-ion batteries in these three market sectors that displace or replace internal combustion engine (ICE) energy capacity. Li-ion batteries are now capable of helping OEMs and vessel and vehicle operators to displace or replace diesel fuel use to meet emerging emissions and cost reduction goals. According to Navigant Research, the annual global market for Li-ion battery energy capacity and pack revenue for traction/propulsion energy in marine vessels, rail cars, and underground mining vehicles is anticipated to reach 8,614 MWh and $5.99 billion, respectively, by 2026. This Navigant Research report analyzes the global emerging markets for traction/propulsion energy in the marine vessel, rail car, and underground mining vehicle sectors. The study provides an analysis of the market issues, including drivers and barriers, associated with advanced batteries for non-automotive transportation markets. Global market forecasts for capacity and revenue, segmented by sector and region, extend through 2026. The report also examines the primary vessel and vehicle types where advanced batteries for traction/propulsion energy are being deployed in the marine vessel, rail car, and underground mining vehicle sectors.