The half-bead/temper-bead/controlled deposition repair welding techniques, which utilize the thermal cycles of the second and later weld layers to temper and refine the HAZ of the first layer, have been applied in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Nuclear Code Section III for new construction since the late 1960’s and Section XI for in-service repair welding of nuclear power plant components. Thus Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) may be omitted without causing degraded properties of the component; especially the base metal HAZ. The extensive ASME Nuclear Code studies of SA533 and SA508 materials clearly show the efficacy of non-PWHT technique on the C-Mn and C-Mo steels.The University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) joined hands with the Ontario Hydro Company to conduct research on the Temper-Bead welding techniques employed primarily in Cr-Mo and also a low alloy steel with the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process. Two layer temper-bead refining techniques were applied in this study. Different temper-bead welding parameters were utilized for obtaining complete CGHAZ refinement, in terms of the energy input of first buttering layers and fill layers. The energy ratio between the second butter layer to the first layer is the controlling entity. Conventional stringer bead welds with and without PWHT were made for the purpose of comparison.This program was sponsored by the Pressure Vessel Research Council (PVRC) and spanned for a total of 4 years. The materials used in study were SA387-11 (1 1/4Cr-1/2Mo), SA387-22 (2 1/4Cr-1Mo) and A516-70. Ontario Hydro supplied the weld coupons and the examination and testing were conducted at The University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK). The goals of the program lay in the evaluation of the temper-bead welding techniques and thus the determination of the welding procedures pertinent to the refinement of the base metal HAZ.