The Pressure Vessel Research Committees Long Range Plan included a Design Division Problem Number IV, Design Procedures for Tubes under External Pressure for many years. It had been recognized for some time that the basis for the design rules for tubes as given in the retracted Figure UG-31 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessels Code Section VIII, Division 1 (Ref. l), was inconsistent with modern theory for the collapse of tubes under external pressure.Modern theory recognizes the dependence of elastic modulus, tube thickness to diameter and tube length to diameter ratios, stress level, and geometric out-of-roundness on tube collapse.Figure UG-31 ignores elastic modulus, length to diameter ratio, and out-of-roundness and, therefore, is suspect.