This book presents an insight into the understanding of neural stem cell fate decisions. Over the past few decades, several studies on regenerative medicine and stem cells have emphasized on novel therapeutic techniques for treatment of many neurological disorders. It has been observed that the present optimism over potential stem cell therapies has propagated from novel comprehensions of stem cell biology leading to particular cell fate decision. This book aims at providing a basic understanding of signaling pathways underlying the ability of differentiation of various types of stem cells into neurons at the time of development; elucidating progress in cellular therapy that could be employed to recover central nervous system dysfunction in pathological conditions; and helping readers to comprehend the changes in signaling pathways under pathological conditions.