Earth science, also referred to as geoscience, is a field concerned with the study of the Earth's physical characteristics. It studies and analyzes natural phenomenon occurring on the Earth's surface like earthquakes, floods, raindrops and fossils. Geology is a sub-field of earth science. It refers to the study of the solid Earth, which includes the study of rocks that constitute the Earth and the processes of their formation. Earth science aims to understand the evolution and mechanisms of Earth by using quantitative tools of physics, mathematics, chronology, geography, etc. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to earth science, geology and the environment. It strives to provide a fair idea about these disciplines and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within these fields. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with earth science will benefit alike from this book.