Renal transplantation (also known as kidney transplantation) is the process of organ transplantation of a kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease. This book presents recent developments in renal transplant surgery in a comprehensive manner. It extensively covers a number of topics related to renal transplant surgery. These include advances and success of renal transplant science, molecular genetics, biochemistry, immunology, pediatric transplant and some uropathies that warrant organ replacement. The contributors of this book possess sound knowledge and experience in this field. Their expertise has been brought together in this book to provide concrete analysis and study in the field of renal transplant surgery.