The WHO estimates 360 million people worldwide suffer from some form of disabling hearing loss. Of these, about 1 million in both the United States and the United Kingdom suffer from severe to profound hearing loss. Vision loss is becoming an increasing problem as well. Retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and macular degeneration (MD) affect millions of people every year. Furthermore, the number of people with MD in the United States is projected by the NIH to rise from just under 2 million in 2010 to over 5 million people in 2050. Neuroprosthetics is a growing field that has the potential to re-engineer a patients lost sense of sight and sound. While some devices like cochlear implants have been in existence for decades, continued innovation in this area generates new devices today with increased frequency resolution and durability. Additionally, cochlear implants have served as the basis for the growing field of retinal implants. Implanted into the retina to replace a patients lost rod and cone cells, retinal implants transduce visual information (often gathered by a camera), to the remaining nerve cells in the back of the eye to be sent to and interpreted by the brain. Even still, there are retinal implants that function without cameras, harnessing the pathway of light as it naturally occurs within the eye. These groundbreaking devices confer an artificial sight that through rehabilitation, has the potential to partially restore patients independence after years in darkness. Efforts to generate MEMS with long-term biocompatibility may further translate into neuroprosthetic, bionic limbs that are integrated with a patients nervous system. Such devices could greatly enhance the overall quality of life for amputees and paraplegics alike. IDTechEx provides qualitative analysis of considerations, trends, and future directions in the development of devices for each of these subsegments of neuroprosthetics. Price appears to be one overarching hurdle in potential future uptake of devices such as retinal implants and neuroprosthetic limbs, as they are roughly three to five times more costly than cochlear implants. Additionally, regulatory hurdles for approval and reimbursement also appear to be a common obstacle as companies work towards commercialization. Multiple companies however have continued to be formed, especially in the period surrounding the NIHs Brain Initiative in 2013.