Vehicle to grid (V2G) technologies have been in development since the beginning of the modern electric vehicle era, but are only now beginning to emerge in revenue-generating applications. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) has been a significant proponent of the technology, investing around $20 million in 2013 to install 500 V2G-enabled plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) at bases in specific U.S. electricity markets. Additionally, demonstrations and pilot projects using fleet vehicles in the United States, several Western European countries, and Japan are beginning to show returns and prove that V2G technologies can serve as effective assets in various grid services. Electricity markets in Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and developing economies with expected high penetrations of PEVs, like China, are likely to adopt electricity market structures and rules that enable greater opportunities for V2G business models in efforts to make the grid more energy efficient. Increased percentage penetrations of wind and solar in specific countries and regions will create a greater need for energy storage to both optimize integration of these resources and balance frequency disturbances created from their variability in generation. Grids with high percentages of wind resources in generation mixes will likely have higher returns for frequency regulation services. Navigant Research forecasts that global V2G frequency regulation revenue will reach $190.7 million by 2022. This Navigant Research report analyzes the market opportunity for V2G technologies to be used to support grid reliability and stability. The study considers various policy factors associated with the growth of V2G, as well as significant market drivers and barriers. Global market forecasts for V2G-enabled PEVs and V2G capacity and revenue, segmented by region, extend through 2022. The report also examines the major V2G technologies and case studies and profiles key market participants.