Automakers and suppliers around the world are faced with the challenge of meeting increasingly aggressive regulatory mandates to improve fuel efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While electric propulsion addresses both issues, consumer acceptance, cost, and infrastructure support remain challenges to mass adoption in the near to mid term. In many markets and for many applications, internal combustion engines (ICEs) remain the preferred choice in terms of acquisition cost, convenience, and capability. Thus, the industry must develop the most cost-effective technologies possible that provide the greatest improvement in efficiency and emissions to maintain vehicle affordability. Advancements in electronic controls, real-time sensing, and actuation systems are enabling continuing enhancements to the thermodynamic efficiency of the ICE. Engine right-sizing, improved drivelines (more transmission rati's and reduced friction), mass reduction, and aerodynamics are also providing low cost gains. As electrified propulsion systems, including hybrid and plug-in electrics, gain market share, gasoline engines will likely take an increasing share of the remaining conventional ICE sales. Concerns about diesel emissions and threats to ban diesel from many urban areas are projected to cause a plateauing of volumes in the early 2020s as manufacturers shift to more efficient gasoline ICEs. This Navigant Research report examines the market for technologies to improve the energy efficiency of vehicles with ICEs and low voltage electrified propulsion, with a focus on engine technologies and materials. The study provides an analysis of how these technologies are likely to be adopted based on cost and effectiveness and how they will affect OEMs, hardware and software suppliers, and policymakers. Global market forecasts of adoption for a range of efficiency improving technologies for light duty vehicles, segmented by region, extend through 2026. The report also provides a review of major market drivers and barriers related to automotive fuel efficiency strategies and key industry players within the competitive landscape.